The globalization measurement is based on five factors: foreign trade, capital movement, exchange of technology and ideas, labour movement, and cultural integration.
Chile’s greatest strength in 2011 was the arrival of foreign capital, which ranked fourth globally, behind Ireland, Hong Kong and Belgium. Chile also scored high in foreign trade.
Technology and cultural integration were cited as the country’s weakest points, with both ranking well below Singapore and Hong Kong, the leaders in those categories.
In Latin America, however, Chile remains the pacesetter. Mexico is the closest nation to Chile in terms of globalization, coming in the 36th position, followed by Colombia (43), Brazil (47), Ecuador (49) and Argentina (50).
In 2012, Chile looks poised to continue its ascension with emerging markets projected to be the biggest contributors to the predicted global growth of 3.4%. The world growth projection was weighed down by the developed economies of the United States (2.4%) and the European Union (0%), according to the Ernst & Young report. The World Bank has predicted 4.1% GDP growth for Chile this year.
With developing countries expected to continue this pattern of global growth, Ernst & Young reported that over the long-term, developing countries could contribute 70% of total global growth, overtaking current developed nations.
Ernst & Young’s Globalization Index takes the 60 countries with the highest GDP and ranks them based on performance in the mentioned categories. The firm also surveys a thousand business executives to discover global trends and concerns for incorporation in the report.
Among the trends from 2011 were continued developments in globalization despite a stressed economy. The chief concern going forward, according to the business leaders, is the threat of protectionism.
Ninety percent of the executives consulted reportedly fear an increase in protectionist policies, especially if the global economy were to face another recession.
James Turley, chairman and CEO of Ernst & Young, admits that the threat of protectionism is real, but points out that globalization continued to grow in 2011 despite economic concerns.