Mubarak’s newly appointed vice-president began talks with opposition figures and the army declared the protesters demands “legitimate” and said it would hold its fire.
But protesters in Cairo’s Tahrir Square, keeping vigil through the night in defiance of a curfew, vowed to continue their campaign until the 82-year-old Mubarak quit.
“The only thing we will accept from him is that he gets on a plane and leaves,” said 45-year-old lawyer Ahmed Helmi.
They aimed to rally one million people to step up their protests and with the army pledging to hold its fire, the scales appeared to be tipping against Mubarak’s 30-year-rule. “Mubarak has become a liability for the institution of the army,” Fawaz Gerges of the London School of Economics said. “And so it is becoming more difficult by the day for Mubarak to remain in office.”
The United States and other Western powers have demanded he submit to free elections. Even if he holds out against the calls for his resignation, it seems unlikely he could win a vote.
Military influence
For the military establishment, which has run Egypt since its officers ousted King Farouk in 1952, the aim may be to provide enough reforms to preserve military influence.
For Washington and Mubarak’s allies in Europe, as well as Israel, attention will focus on how far Islamist groups, notably the hitherto banned Muslim Brotherhood, can gain power in any new Egyptian political system.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who used to calm on his southern border since a 1979 peace treaty with Cairo, said Egypt could turn into the kind of militant theocracy installed in Iran that same year.
The Brotherhood, which says it wants a pluralist democracy, has taken a cautious approach to joining in protests led by the young and the urban professional classes.
But it said on Monday it was calling on people to continue protests until the whole establishment departed – “including the president, his party, his ministers and his parliament”.
Emergency law
Newly-appointed Vice President Omar Suleiman appeared on state television on Monday to say Mubarak had asked him to begin talks with all political forces on reforms.
But some analysts saw Suleiman’s appearance as a sign of the army trying to find a dignified exit for Mubarak.
“At this point Suleiman represents the army, not Mubarak,” said Gerges. “And so with the statement about opening talks, the army is trying to investigate if the opposition is willing to engage.”
A presidential election due in September might give Mubarak the opportunity simply to say he will not run again. But such a tactic may underestimate the desire on the street to see him go. “It won’t work. These are stalling tactics. I don’t think Mubarak quite realises the gravity of the situation,” said Faysal Itani of Exclusive Analysis. “If this deadlock goes on much longer there could be a further breakdown of order.”
At Cairo University, politics professor Hassan Nafaa said: “This all aims to gain time, calm the mood on the street, drive the protesters away and diminish the revolution … The president must end his rule and leave, there is no alternative.”
The United States said Mubarak must also revoke the emergency law under which he has ruled since 1981. Washington has sent a special envoy, former ambassador to Cairo Frank Wisner, to meet Egyptian leaders.
Political oppression
“The way Egypt looks and operates must change,” said Robert Gibbs, spokesperson for President Barack Obama.
At least 140 people have died since demonstrations began last on Tuesday, inspired in part by Tunisians’ overthrow of their ageing strongman after similar protests focusing on economic hardships and frustration with political oppression.
In Egypt’s second city, Alexandria, thousands of people gathered near the main railway station, many with food and blankets, saying they would join Tuesday’s “march of a million”.
Officials said rail services would be disrupted on Tuesday by curfew orders, which may keep some people away from protests.
With internet access cut off, Google Inc said it was launching a special service to allow people to send Twitter messages by dialing a phone number and leaving a voicemail.
The service, which Google said was developed with engineers from Twitter, allows people to dial a telephone number and leave a voicemail. The voicemail is automatically translated into an audio file message that is sent on Twitter using the identifying tag egypt, Google said.
Expressions of discontent
Foreign governments, meanwhile, scrambled to ensure the safety of their nationals trapped by the unrest in Egypt.
Companies, from gas drillers to supermarkets, also pulled out staff as confrontation brought economic life to a halt. Financial markets and banks were closed for a second day.
Internationally, Europe’s benchmark Brent crude oil rose above $100 a barrel for the first time since 2008 on Monday on fears the unrest could spread to oil producing states like Saudi Arabia. Smaller Arab countries such as Yemen, Sudan, Syria and Jordan were all mentioned by analysts as candidates for popular expressions of discontent.
Source: news24