Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, of Jamaat-e-Islami, was sentenced on charges including murder, rape and torture during the war of independence in 1971.
Thursday’s sentence sparked riots that have left about 60 people dead.
The Islamists say the tribunal is politically motivated, something the Bangladesh government denies.
Jamaat-e-Islami called a two-day strike across the country, beginning on Sunday, in protest at the court ruling.
Troops were called in in the northern district of Bogra, where police said thousands of Jamaat activists armed with sticks and home-made bombs attacked police outposts early on Sunday.
At least eight people were killed and dozens hurt in clashes in the district.
There were at least two further deaths in the north-western town of Godagari.
Border guards and police opened fire on protesters who were attacking police with sticks and stones, an official told the news agency AFP.
And another three people died in the Joypurhar district, the Daily Star newspaper said.
The BBC’s Anbarasan Ethirajan in the southern city of Chittagong says there has been no let up in the violence since the death sentence was issued.
Police have fought pitched battles with supporters of the Islamist party in many parts of the country.
Three people were killed in Chittagong on Saturday and Jamaat-e-Islami has accused the police of firing without provocation.
The Bangladeshi government rejected the criticism, saying violence against civilians and police officers would not be tolerated.
In the capital, Dhaka, on Saturday, activists clashed with riot police, who used tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse them.
Our correspondent says the intensity of the backlash against the sentences has surprised many in Bangladesh, and security forces are struggling to bring the situation under control as it is difficult to predict which districts the violence will spread to.