He made the solo descent in a submarine called “Deepsea Challenger”, taking over two hours to reach the bottom.
He spent more than three hours exploring the ocean floor, before a speedy ascent back to the surface.
His craft was kitted out with cameras and lights so he could film the deep.
This is only the second manned expedition to the ocean’s deepest depths – the first took place in 1960.
The earlier descent was made by US Navy Lt Don Walsh and Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard.
They spent about 20 minutes on the ocean floor but their landing kicked up silt, meaning their view was obscured.
Director James Cameron resurfaced after spending nearly three hours on the ocean floor
Before the dive, the Titanic director told the BBC that making the descent was “the fulfilment of a dream”.
He said: “I grew up on a steady diet of science fiction at a time when people were living a science fiction reality.
“People were going to the Moon, and Cousteau was exploring the ocean. And that’s what I grew up with, what I valued from my childhood.”
Cameron spent the last few years working in secret with his team of engineers to design and build the craft, which weighs 11 tonnes and is more than 7m (23ft) long.
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