The Special Tiger Protection Force has received training in jungle survival and weapons use.
Tiger numbers have shrunk alarmingly in recent decades. A census last year counted about 1,700 tigers in the wild.
A century ago there were estimated to be 100,000 tigers in India.
The Special Tiger Protection Force was formed by the forest and environment ministry on the recommendation of the National Tiger Conservation Authority and Karnataka authorities.
With their special training course completed, the unit has moved into Bandipur and Nagarahole national parks, south of Bangalore.
The forested region has the highest number of tigers in India, according to a census released in March 2011 by the forest and environment ministry.
The census indicated that tiger numbers had increased to 1,706 from 1,411 at the last count in 2007.
Officials say conservation efforts by the government and wildlife organisations have helped tiger and elephant populations increase.