The international aid organisation said the camp, Ag Haross Kayone, is some 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Kidal and housed about 20 families who fled fighting in the town between the Malian army and Tuareg rebels.
“DWB and the health ministry received 11 injured, almost exclusively women and children, including a young girl who died of her injuries,” the statement said, adding three were in a serious condition.
The attack by combat helicopters took place on Wednesday at 1600 GMT.
Amnesty International confirmed the information, adding that the girl was four years old. The group said that dozens of camels and goats — key for the survival of the Tuareg — were also killed.
“The Malian government must immediately end attacks against the civilian population in the north of the country,” said Amnesty, adding that this was a violation of international laws.
Tuareg rebels, boosted by the return of fighters for Moamer Kadhafi in Libya, launched an offensive on January 17 and have attacked several northern towns as they demand autonomy for their nomadic desert tribe.
The UN refugee agency reported last Friday that more than 44,000 people have fled into neighbouring Mauritania, Niger and Burkina Faso but this number is growing daily.
Amnesty International has described the situation as “the worst human rights crisis in northern Mali for 20 years”.